Evolution is a change in the frequencies of alleles in the gene pool of a population.
A gene is a stretch of DNA or RNA chemicals that determine a certain trait. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is like a blueprint of biological guidelines that a living organism must follow to exist and remain functional i.e. why a cow is a cow and cat a cat. DNA is also self-replicating.
RNA, or ribonucleic acid, helps carry out the DNA's instruction and while more versatile than DNA, and capable of performing numerous, DNA is stabler and holds more complex information for longer periods of time.
In animal breeding, there is a controlled propagation of domestic animals in order to improve desirable qualities and typically the DNA traits (genotype) are unknown, so farmers have traditionally relied on phenotypes (appearance and characteristics) to modify domesticated animals to better suit human needs for centuries.
This is done via Selective breeding i.e. breeding a larger rooster against a medium size hen or vice or verse to get a large chicken. Genetically this happens as genes mutate and can take two or more alternative forms based on the allele it receives from the parents. For example, the gene for eye color has several variations (alleles) such as an allele for blue eye color or an allele for brown eyes etc.
An allele is found at a fixed spot on a chromosome and now thanks to genetic research scientists know where on the chromosome each point controls. When you see Locus 32, that means that at Spot #32 was discovered to control X. Locus being Latin for Spot or location.
As chromosomes occur in pairs, organisms always have two alleles for each gene — one allele for each chromosome in the pairing. Since each chromosome in the pair comes from a different parent, organisms inherit one allele from each parent for each gene and the two alleles inherited can either be the same (homozygous) or different (heterozygous).
A gene is a stretch of DNA or RNA chemicals that determine a certain trait. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is like a blueprint of biological guidelines that a living organism must follow to exist and remain functional i.e. why a cow is a cow and cat a cat. DNA is also self-replicating.
RNA, or ribonucleic acid, helps carry out the DNA's instruction and while more versatile than DNA, and capable of performing numerous, DNA is stabler and holds more complex information for longer periods of time.
In animal breeding, there is a controlled propagation of domestic animals in order to improve desirable qualities and typically the DNA traits (genotype) are unknown, so farmers have traditionally relied on phenotypes (appearance and characteristics) to modify domesticated animals to better suit human needs for centuries.
This is done via Selective breeding i.e. breeding a larger rooster against a medium size hen or vice or verse to get a large chicken. Genetically this happens as genes mutate and can take two or more alternative forms based on the allele it receives from the parents. For example, the gene for eye color has several variations (alleles) such as an allele for blue eye color or an allele for brown eyes etc.
An allele is found at a fixed spot on a chromosome and now thanks to genetic research scientists know where on the chromosome each point controls. When you see Locus 32, that means that at Spot #32 was discovered to control X. Locus being Latin for Spot or location.
As chromosomes occur in pairs, organisms always have two alleles for each gene — one allele for each chromosome in the pairing. Since each chromosome in the pair comes from a different parent, organisms inherit one allele from each parent for each gene and the two alleles inherited can either be the same (homozygous) or different (heterozygous).
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